Table 1: Pesticide residue levels in breast milk samples (ng/g lipid).
|
Chemical Family |
Active Ingredient |
Frequency % |
Median (ng/g lipid) |
Q1 (ng/g lipid) |
Q3 (ng/g lipid) |
|
DDE p,p |
93.3 |
38.5 |
25.3 |
78.3 |
|
|
Organochlorines |
DDT p,p |
44.4 |
18.5 |
1.0 |
40.0 |
|
4,4-DDD / 2,4 DDT |
42.2 |
3.7 |
2.0 |
49.3 |
|
|
Nonachlor trans |
42.2 |
2.0 |
1.0 |
3.0 |
|
|
HCH gamma lindane |
35.6 |
2.5 |
1.0 |
5.0 |
|
|
HCB |
17.8 |
2.5 |
2.3 |
2.8 |
|
|
Dieldrin |
11.1 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
|
|
2,4 DDD |
4.4 |
2.0 |
1.0 |
3.0 |
|
|
Heptachlor |
4.4 |
2.5 |
2.3 |
2.8 |
|
|
Heptachlor exo epoxide |
4.4 |
2.5 |
2.3 |
2.8 |
|
|
Chlorobenzilate |
2.2 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
|
|
DDE o,p |
2.2 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
|
|
DDT o,p |
2.2 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
|
|
HCH beta |
2.2 |
2.5 |
1.3 |
5.0 |
|
|
Methoxychlor |
2.2 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
|
|
Trans chlordane |
2.2 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
|
|
Pyrethroids |
Cypermethrin |
33.3 |
16.0 |
10.5 |
23.0 |
|
Cyfluthrin lambda |
11.1 |
13.0 |
11.5 |
135.0 |
|
|
Permethrin |
11.1 |
79.5 |
64.3 |
88.5 |
|
|
Bifenthrin |
8.9 |
2.0 |
1.5 |
2.5 |
|
|
Deltamethrin |
2.2 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
|
|
Organophosphates |
Pirimiphos-methyl |
13.3 |
57.0 |
21.5 |
81.5 |
|
Chlorpyrifos ethyl |
8.9 |
2.0 |
1.0 |
5.3 |
|
|
Chlorpyrifos methyl |
4.4 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
|
|
Coumaphos |
4.4 |
61.1 |
35.4 |
86.8 |
|
|
Azinphos ethyl |
2.2 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
|
|
Triazoles |
Ipconazole |
15.6 |
8.0 |
6.0 |
28.8 |
|
Hexaconazole |
6.7 |
70.0 |
44.0 |
197.0 |
|
|
Paclobutrazol |
6.7 |
2.0 |
1.0 |
3.0 |
|
|
Cyproconazole |
2.2 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
|
|
Bromuconazole |
2.2 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
|
|
Strobilurins |
Azoxystrobin |
28.9 |
31.0 |
16.0 |
64.5 |
|
Dimoxystrobin |
15.6 |
20.0 |
17.0 |
33.5 |
|
|
Picoxystrobin |
15.6 |
21.5 |
8.0 |
30.3 |
|
|
Amisulftrin |
11.1 |
11.0 |
5.0 |
11.0 |
|
|
Amides and Derivatives |
DEET |
55.6 |
181.0 |
107.0 |
400.0 |
|
Dicloran |
33.3 |
49.0 |
33.3 |
70.8 |
|
|
Diflufenican |
15.6 |
2.0 |
1.0 |
2.0 |
|
|
Carboxin |
13.3 |
13.5 |
1.0 |
18.5 |
|
|
Propyzamide |
11.1 |
2.0 |
1.0 |
2.0 |
|
|
Pendimethalin |
8.9 |
2.0 |
1.5 |
3.0 |
|
|
Cyflufenamid |
6.7 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
|
|
Metalaxyl Mefenoxam |
6.7 |
2.0 |
1.5 |
3.0 |
|
|
Fluopicolide |
4.4 |
28.5 |
26.8 |
30.3 |
|
|
Silthiofam |
4.4 |
2.0 |
1.0 |
2.8 |
|
|
Dimetachlor |
2.2 |
25.0 |
25.0 |
25.0 |
|
|
Napropamide |
2.2 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
|
|
Acetochlor |
2.2 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
|
|
Chlorophenols |
PCP |
42.2 |
3.1 |
3.0 |
4.8 |
|
2,4,6-TCP |
20.0 |
4.4 |
2.0 |
1.0 |
|
|
Pyrazoles and Derivatives |
Fipronil sulfone |
15.6 |
2.0 |
1.5 |
2.0 |
|
Isopyrazam |
13.3 |
18.5 |
9.8 |
28.8 |
|
|
Picolinafen |
13.3 |
79.5 |
64.3 |
88.5 |
|
|
Tebufenpyrad |
13.3 |
9.5 |
4.5 |
43.5 |
|
|
Fipronil |
4.4 |
2.0 |
1.0 |
2.0 |
|
|
Morpholines |
Dimetomorph |
33.3 |
187.0 |
139.0 |
314.0 |
|
Spiroxamine |
4.4 |
222.0 |
176.0 |
437.0 |
|
|
Others |
Diphenylamine |
28.9 |
12.0 |
6.0 |
42.0 |
|
Metribuzin |
15.6 |
14.0 |
7.5 |
20.5 |
|
|
Triallate |
13.3 |
43.5 |
37.0 |
50.0 |
|
|
Bromacil |
6.7 |
2.0 |
1.0 |
2.0 |
|
|
Bromoxynil |
6.7 |
85.0 |
43.5 |
90.0 |
|
|
Bifenox |
4.4 |
2.0 |
1.0 |
2.0 |
|
|
Oxadiazon |
4.4 |
2.0 |
1.8 |
3.3 |
|
|
Bromopropylate |
2.2 |
2.0 |
1.0 |
2.0 |
|
|
DMST |
2.2 |
139.5 |
86.3 |
192.8 |
|
|
Proquinazid |
2.2 |
2.0 |
1.0 |
3.0 |
|
|
Propargite |
2.2 |
32.0 |
32.0 |
32.0 |
2,4,6 TCP: 2,4,6 Trichlorophenol; DDT: Dichlorodiphenyl Trichloroethane; DDD: Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethane; DDE: Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene; HCH: Hexachlorocyclohexane; HCB: Hexachlorobenzene; DEET: N,N-Diethyl-m-toluamide ; PCP: Pentachlorophenol