Table 1: Baseline and biochemical characteristics of subjects participating in the study.

Category

Controls N = 54

Patients

N = 100

P-value

Chi-square value

Age (Years)

46.5 ∓ 6.8

55 ∓ 11.05

< 0.0001*

N/A

HbA1c mg/Dl

5.4 ± 0.2

8.1 ∓ 1.7

< 0.0001

N/A

Serum Glucose mg/dL

98.5 ∓ 17.1

159 ∓ 65

< 0.0001*

N/A

BMI (kg/m2)

28.9 ∓ 4.6

32.9 ∓ 5.8

< 0.0001*

N/A

Duration of DM (Years)

-

9.3 ± 7.4

-

N/A

Duration of TD (Years)

­­-

4.1 ± 4.7

-

N/A

TSH μlU/mL

2.5 ± 2.3

5.4 ± 6.8

< 0.0001

N/A

FT3 μlU/mL

6.3 ± 0.6

5.6 ± 0.7

< 0.0001

N/A

FT4 μlU/Ml

15.5 ± 2.1

15.7 ± 2.7

0.378

N/A

FT3/FT4 ratio

0.41 ± 0.56

0.366 ± 0.08

0.001

N/A

Gender

 

 

0.021*

7.684

 Female

38 (70.4%)

91 (91%)

 

 

 Male

16 (29.6%)

9 (9%)

 

 

Occupation

 

 

< 0.0001

21.493

 Worker

27 (50%)

9 (9%)

 

 

 Non-worker

27 (50%)

91 (91%)

 

 

Marital status

 

 

0.315

1.009

 Single

1 (1.9%)

0 (0%)

 

 

 Married

53 (98.1%)

100 (100%)

 

 

Sleep quality:

 

 

< 0.0001

22.85

 Bad

10 (19.2%)

65 (65%)

 

 

 Good

24 (44.2%)

22 (22%)

 

 

 Perfect

20 (36.6%)

13 (13%)

 

 

Sleep disorders

 

 

< 0.0001

27.9

 Yes

10 (43%)

58 (58%)

 

 

 No

44 (57%)

42 (42%)

 

 

Post-covid:

 

 

0.982

0.0005

 Yes

30 (55.6%)

59 (59%)

 

 

 No

24 (44.4%)

41 (41%)

 

 

Pre-vaccinated:

 

 

0.865

0.029

 Yes

31 (57.4%)

53 (53%)

 

 

 No

23 (42.6%)

47 (47%)

 

 

Independent samples T-test and Chi-square test comparing cases and controls. *Significant at p < 0.05.