Author, year

Intervention

Mean ± SD RCSQ

P-Value

ICU LOS

P-Value

Hospital LOS

P-Value

Beltrami, 2022 [1]

Pre

66.5

0.002

Post

83

Boyko, 2017 [19]

Control

0.7

Intervention

Chen, 2022 [12]

Pre

First night

80.73 ± 9.75

Second night

82.28 ± 7.18

Post

First night

88.49 ± 2.49

<0.001

Second night

87.59 ± 2.46

<0.001

Darby, 2017 [13]

Pre

Median: 59.4

0.2

Median: 5.5

0.1

Median: 13

0.05

Post

Median: 61.2

Median: 4

Median: 8

Jinglin, 2019 [14]

Pre

58.9 ± 24.3

0.106

2 ± 3

0.002

Post

66.6 ± 18.1

5 ± 9.8

Kamdar, 2013 [15]

Pre

54.5 ± 27.1

0.46

5.4 ± 9.5

0.6

15 ± 14.6

0.74

Post

53.2 ± 27.3

4.3 ± 6.8

13.4 ± 17

Locihova (2020) [16]

Pre

47.6 ± 25.0

0.693

Post

51.1 ± 25.2

Patel (2014) [17]

Pre

60.8 ± 3.5

0.001

Post

75.9 ± 2.24

Tonna (2021) [2]

Pre

Median: 52

0.43

Post

Median: 55

Topcu (2022) [18]

Pre

51.5

0.001

4.3

Post

68.4

6.1