Author,

Country

ICU Setting

Study design

Total Sample Size

Evidence Levels

Quality Levels

Beltrami, 2021 [1]

Brazil

General ICU

 Quasi-Experimental: Pre-Post Study Design

113

2

B

Boyko, 2017 [19]

Denmark

Medical ICU

Randomized Control Trial

17

1

B

Chen, 2022 [12]

China

Cardiac ICU

 Quasi-Experimental: Pre-Post Study Design

67

2

B

Darby, 2022 [13]

United States

Medical ICU

 Quasi-Experimental: Pre-Post Study Design

162

2

B

Jinglin, 2019 [14]

Canada

Medical ICU

 Pilot Study Pre-post Design

82

2

C

Kamdar, 2013 [15]

United States

Medical ICU

 Quasi-Experimental: Pre-Post Study Design

300

2

B

Locihova, 2020 [16]

Czech Republic

General ICU

 Quasi-Experimental: Pre-Post Study Design

40

2

C

Patel, 2014 [17]

United States

Medical & Surgical ICU

 Quasi-Experimental: Pre-Post Study Design

59

2

B

Tonna, 2021 [2]

United States

Surgical ICU & Cardiovascular ICU

 Quasi-Experimental: Pre-Post Study Design

646

2

B

Topcu, 2022 [18]

Turkey

Medical ICU

 Quasi-Experimental: Pre-Post Study Design

74

2

B